How does sodium-glucose cotransporter work?
Sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) activity mediates apical sodium and glucose transport across cell membranes. Cotransport is driven by active sodium extrusion by the basolateral sodium/potassium-ATPase, thus facilitating glucose uptake against an intracellular up-hill gradient.
Where is the sodium-glucose cotransporter?
Sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 is located almost exclusively in the proximal renal tubule where it is responsible for reabsorption of filtered glucose from the nephron.
What is the structure of glucose transporter?
Glucose transport in mammals. GLUTs are integral membrane proteins that contain 12 membrane-spanning helices with both the amino and carboxyl termini exposed on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane.
How does glucose transport across the cell membrane?
A glucose molecule is too large to pass through a cell membrane via simple diffusion. Instead, cells assist glucose diffusion through facilitated diffusion and two types of active transport.
What transports glucose into a cell?
Glucose is taken into cells via glucose transporters (GLUTs). GLUTs transport glucose via facilitated diffusion. GLUT4, which is present in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle tissue, is regulated by insulin, a key hormone involved in carbohydrate metabolism.
How is sodium transported across the cell membrane?
Sodium crosses the basolateral membrane by the action of NaK-ATPase, which transfers three sodium ions out of the cell in exchange for the inward movement of two extracellular potassium ions. This creates an electrochemical gradient, which drives sodium-coupled solute co-transport.
What is cotransport in simple terms?
Cotransport. (Science: cell biology, physiology) The linked, simultaneous transport one substance across a membrane, coupled with the simultaneous transport of another substance across the same membrane in the same direction.
What is cotransport explain with example?
: the coupled transport of chemical substances across a cell membrane in which the energy required to move a substance (such as glucose) against a gradient in concentration or in electrical potential is provided by the movement of another substance (such as a sodium ion) along its gradient in concentration or in …