What does breed true mean in GENetics?
A phenotype for a simply-inherited trait is said to breed true if two parents with that phenotype produce offspring of that same phenotype exclusively.
What is a true gene?
A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are made up of DNA. Some genes act as instructions to make molecules called proteins. However, many genes do not code for proteins. In humans, genes vary in size from a few hundred DNA bases to more than 2 million bases.
What are the terms used in GENetics?
Gene, allele, locus, site In the original terminology, still used by some population geneticists, genes occur in pairs on homologous chromosomes. In this terminology the four blood groups A, B, O and AB (defined in terms of agglutination reactions) are determined by three (allelic) genes: A, B and O.
What is true of an allele?
allele, also called allelomorph, any one of two or more genes that may occur alternatively at a given site (locus) on a chromosome. Alleles may occur in pairs, or there may be multiple alleles affecting the expression (phenotype) of a particular trait.
What is an example of true breeding?
With plants, true breeding occurs when plants produce only offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate. For instance, a plant that has blue flowers will produce only seeds that will grow into plants that have blue flowers. With true breeding, the trait is passed on to all subsequent generations.
What is true breeding genotype?
True-breeding organisms are genetically identical and have identical alleles for specified traits. The alleles for these type of organisms are homozygous. True-breeding plants and organisms may express phenotypes that are either homozygous dominant or homozygous recessive.
What is genetic in simple terms?
Definition of genetics 1 : a branch of biology that deals with the heredity and variation of organisms. 2 : the genetic makeup and phenomena of an organism, type, group, or condition.
What is true about recessive genes?
A recessive gene is a gene whose effects are masked in the presence of a dominant gene. Every organism that has DNA packed into chromosomes has two alleles, or forms of a gene, for each gene: one inherited from their mother, and one inherited from their father.
What does true breeding mean quizlet?
A true breeding organism, sometimes also called a pure-bred, is an organism that always passes down a certain phenotypic trait to its offspring. An organism is referred to as true breeding for each trait to which this applies, and the term “true breeding” is also used to describe individual genetic traits.
What are the common terms used in genetics?
Common terms used in genetics. Gene – basic unit of heredity that codes for a specific trait. locus – the specific location of a gene on a chromosome (locus – plural loci) somatic cell – all body cells except reproductive cells. gamete – reproductive cells (i.e. sperm & eggs for animals and pollen grains and ovules for plants)
What are the basic concepts of genetics?
Genetic Concepts • Heredity describes how some traits are passed from parents to their children. • The traits are expressed by genes, which are small sections of DNA that are coded for specific traits. • Genes are found on chromosomes. • Humans have two sets of 23 chromosomes—
What do you mean by genetic information?
The storage, transfer, and expression of molecular information in biological organisms, as manifested by the passing on of phenotypic traits from parents to their offspring, either through sexual or asexual reproduction. Offspring cells or organisms are said to inherit the genetic information of their parents.
What is a gene in biology?
Any segment or set of segments of a nucleic acid molecule that contains the information necessary to produce a functional RNA transcript in a controlled manner. In living organisms, genes are often considered the fundamental units of heredity and are typically encoded in DNA.