What is the fronto cerebellar circuit?
Fronto-cerebellar dissociation is the disconnection and independent function of frontal and cerebellar regions of the brain. It is characterized by inhibited communication between the two regions, and is notably observed in cases of ADHD, schizophrenia, alcohol use disorder, and heroin use.
What is fronto striatal?
Frontostriatal circuits are neural pathways that connect frontal lobe regions with the basal ganglia (striatum) that mediate motor, cognitive, and behavioural functions within the brain. They receive inputs from dopaminergic, serotonergic, noradrenergic, and cholinergic cell groups that modulate information processing.
What are striatal circuits?
The striatum is the primary input nucleus of the basal ganglia and is positioned within multiple parallel cortico-subcortical loops. It receives input from the cortex and thalamus and sends outputs that ultimately relay information back to the cortex via the thalamus1,2,3.
What is in frontal lobe?
The frontal lobe is the most anterior (front) part of the brain. It extends from the area behind the forehead back to the precentral gyrus. As a whole, the frontal lobe is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as memory, emotions, impulse control, problem solving, social interaction, and motor function.
What are striatal neurons?
The striatum is the main input nucleus of the basal ganglia and a key neural substrate for procedural learning and memory. The vast majority of striatal neurons are spiny GABAergic projection neurons, which exhibit slow but temporally precise spiking in vivo.
What makes the striatum?
The striatum is composed of three nuclei: caudate, putamen, and ventral striatum. The latter contains the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). The caudate and putamen/ventral striatum are separated by the internal capsule, a white matter tract between brain cortex and brainstem.
How does the frontal lobe affect behavior?
As a whole, the frontal lobe is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as memory, emotions, impulse control, problem solving, social interaction, and motor function. Damage to the neurons or tissue of the frontal lobe can lead to personality changes, difficulty concentrating or planning, and impulsivity.
What does striatal mean?
Striatum: Part of the basal ganglia of the brain. The basal ganglia are interconnected masses of gray matter located in the interior regions of the cerebral hemispheres and in the upper part of the brainstem. The striatum is also called the striate body. It includes the caudate nucleus and the lentiform nucleus.
How does frontal lobe affect personality?
The frontal lobe, for example, helps govern personality and impulsivity. If damaged, there might be no “braking mechanism” for self-control. A person may find he cannot control his anger or aggression.
What is frontotemporal spectrum disorder and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?
Frontotemporal Spectrum Disorder (FTSD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) are neurodegenerative diseases often considered as a continuum from clinical, epidemiologic, and genetic perspectives.
Does cerebellar volume correlate with neuropsychological scores in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?
Since the cerebellar areas correlating with FAB are also those resulting more atrophic in FTSD compared to ALS (i.e., Crus I/II and lobule VII/VIII), it is possible that the correlation between cerebellar volume and neuropsychological scores is driven by alterations of the FTSD group.
What is frontotemporal lobar degeneration?
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is the term for a group of neurodegenerative disorders that are characterised in their behavioural variant (bvFTD) by disinhibition, apathy, coarsening of personality, repetitive behaviour, and eating disturbances [ 1, 2 ].
Can the striatum be used as a biomarker in vivo?
Together with the robust group differences, the correlation with clinical features and severity for the striatum, and especially the putamen for behavioural symptoms, indicate potential usefulness of shape and volume of the striatum as nascent biomarker in vivo, towards development of an ensemble of neuroimaging biomarkers.