What is Acantholytic dyskeratosis?
Acantholytic dyskeratosis is a histopathologic pattern defined by a hyperkeratotic and parakeratotic epidermis with intraepidermal clefts containing acantholytic and dyskeratotic keratinocytes.
What is Suprabasilar Acantholysis?
Suprabasal acantholysis, a common feature of several inflammatory skin diseases, develops exclusively within the germinative cellular pool of the epidermis. The process induces repair mechanisms by proliferation of cells in the suprabasal layers in whatever conditions it occurs, except in pemphigus vulgaris.
What are Corps Ronds?
Corps ronds refer to cells with small pyknotic nuclei, a perinuclear clear halo and eosinophilic cytoplasm (Figures 4 and 5). Grains are compressed cells with elongated nuclei seen in the stratum corneum and granular layer (Figures 4 and 5).
What causes acantholytic dyskeratosis?
Drug-induced transient acantholytic dermatosis may be due to the drug or its metabolites being excreted in the sweat with toxic effects on the adjacent epidermis causing acantholysis and dyskeratosis. BRAF-induced Grover disease may result from keratinocyte proliferation via activation of the MAP-kinase pathway.
What is focal dyskeratosis?
Focal acantholytic dyskeratosis (FAD) is a distinctive histologic pattern characterized by suprabasilar clefts surrounding dermal papillae (villi), acantholytic and dyskeratotic cells at all levels of the epidermis, hyperkeratosis, and parakeratosis.
What is acanthosis histology?
Acanthosis is a thickening of the epidermis and elongation of the rete ridges due to thickening of the spinous layer +/- enlargement of rete pegs. Typical examples include chronic eczematous reactions.
What is Acantholysis in pemphigus vulgaris?
Acantholysis is the loss of intercellular connections, such as desmosomes, resulting in loss of cohesion between keratinocytes, seen in diseases such as pemphigus vulgaris. It is absent in bullous pemphigoid, making it useful for differential diagnosis.
How is Darier disease diagnosed?
Usually, Darier disease is diagnosed by its appearance and family history, but it is often is mistaken for other skin problems. Diagnosis may require a skin biopsy. The histology is characteristic, known as focal acantholytic dyskeratosis associated with varying degrees of papillomatosis.
Is there a cure for Darier disease?
The disease usually persists for life and has no cure. Treatment is never complete, and the disease is characterized by a relapsing-remitting course [6]. Topical agents like retinoids, tazarotene, and 5-fluorouracil have been shown to benefit DD that is limited and not severe.