How do you calculate Sverdrups?
In oceanography, the sverdrup (symbol: Sv) is a non-SI metric unit of flow, with 1 Sv equal to 1 million cubic metres per second (260,000,000 US gal/s); it is equivalent to the SI derived unit cubic hectometer per second (symbol: hm3/s or hm3⋅s−1)….
| Sverdrup | |
|---|---|
| US gallons/s | 264 million |
| cu ft/s | 35 million |
What is sverdrup theory of the oceanic circulation?
The Sverdrup balance, or Sverdrup relation, is a theoretical relationship between the wind stress exerted on the surface of the open ocean and the vertically integrated meridional (north-south) transport of ocean water.
What is sverdrup unit?
One sverdrup is equivalent to volume transport of one million cubic meters per second. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the numbers associated with water transport over the globe in this unit.
Where is sverdrup?
Queen Elizabeth Islands, Canada
Sverdrup Islands, archipelago in Franklin district, Northwest Territories, part of the Queen Elizabeth Islands, Canada, in the Arctic Ocean, west of Ellesmere Island.
What is Ekman pumping?
Ekman Pumping is the component of Ekman transport that results in areas of downwelling due to the convergence of water. As discussed above, the concept of mass conservation requires that a pile up of surface water must be pushed downward.
What causes geostrophic flow?
geostrophic motion, fluid flow in a direction parallel to lines of equal pressure (isobars) in a rotating system, such as the Earth. Such flow is produced by the balance of the Coriolis force (q.v.; caused by the Earth’s rotation) and the pressure-gradient force.
What is meant by 1 Sverdrup discharge?
Sverdrup is a non-SI unit to quantify large-scale volume transport by oceanographers, meteorologists and atmospheric physicists. One Sverdrup is equivalent to volume transport of one million cubic meters per second.
How do you calculate transport volume?
vdz = AXHv where AX is the width of the Gulf Stream/ circumpolar current, H is the maximum depth to which the current extends and assuming that the velocity is independent of depth within this range.
How do you find density with temperature and salinity?
It can be approximated as: ΔDensity = α*ΔT+β*ΔS α and β are coefficients of thermal expansion and saline contraction. α is roughly 0.2 kg m-3 °C-1 β is roughly 1 kg m-3 psu-1 These values are where the 15°C and 3 psu come from. In the ocean, α and β also depend on salinity, temperature, and pressure.
How are temperature salinity and density related?
The warmer the water, the more space it takes up, and the lower its density. When comparing two samples of water with the same salinity, or mass, the water sample with the higher temperature will have a greater volume, and it will therefore be less dense.
What does the left side of the Sverdrup equation represent?
The left-hand side of the Sverdrup equation represents the motion required to maintain this match between the absolute vorticity of a water column and the planetary vorticity, while the right represents the applied force of the wind. The Sverdrup relation can be derived from the linearized barotropic vorticity equation for steady motion: .
What is Sverdrup used to measure?
It is used almost exclusively in oceanography to measure the volumetric rate of transport of ocean currents. It is named after Harald Sverdrup. It is distinct from the SI unit sievert or the non-SI svedberg, which use the same symbol.
What is Sverdrup balance?
Sverdrup balance may be thought of as a consistency relationship for flow which is dominated by the Earth’s rotation. Such flow will be characterized by weak rates of spin compared to that of the earth. Any parcel at rest with respect to the surface of the earth must match the spin of the earth underneath it.
What is the Sverdrup relation?
In the 1940s, when Harald Sverdrup was thinking about calculating the gross features of ocean circulation, he chose to consider exclusively the wind stress component of the forcing. As he says in his 1947 paper, in which he presented the Sverdrup relation, this is probably the more important of the two.