What are broad host range plasmids?
The broad-host-range (BHR) plasmids have been defined as those plasmids that can self-transfer themselves and can stably replicate and maintain in bacterial species from at least two subgroups within the Proteobacteria (e.g., between α- and β- Proteobacteria) (Szpirer et al., 1999; Sen et al., 2011).
What is meant by broad host range?
A term of art referring to an organism’s ability to infect and reproduce in wide range of organisms. Examples. Phages or plasmids that can grow in many different bacterial species, or bacteria which are pathogenic in a range of eukaryotic hosts.
What is the function of Tra genes?
Transfer genes or tra genes (also transfer operons or tra operons), are some genes necessary for non-sexual transfer of genetic material in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
What determines plasmid host range?
Host-range, a fundamental property of a bacterial plasmid, is primarily determined by the plasmid replication system.
Which virus has a broad host range?
For example, CMV (Bromoviridae) is an important plant pathogen with the widest host-range of all known plant viruses, and worldwide distribution. The virus is transmitted by no less than 60 different species of aphids, or via seeds or dodder.
What is meant by narrow host range?
For the purpose of this review, we define narrow-host-range phages as those that can complete their life cycle in only one host (Figure 2A), and broad-host-range phages as those that can complete their life cycle in multiple taxonomically distinct hosts.
What is the importance of the TRA region of this plasmid?
This plasmid contains a contiguous set of 36 open reading frames (tra genes) that encode all of the proteins needed for conjugation. Many of the tra genes are involved in the construction of long, thin structures (pili) that extend one to two millimeters from the bacterial surface.
What is the function of tra gene products of F plasmid?
The F plasmid tra operon encodes most of the proteins required for bacterial conjugation. TraJ and ArcA are known activators of the tra operon promoter PY, which is subject to H-NS-mediated silencing.
What is virus host range?
Host range, defined as the number of host species used by a pathogen, is a simple metric that is central to understanding pathogen epidemiology and pathogenicity. Host range conditions the transmission dynamics and survival of pathogens and is predicted to be a major factor in their evolution.
Which viruses have narrow host range?
Microcystis viruses Ma-LMM01 and MaMV-DC are Myoviridae family members with very narrow host ranges, and they are known only to infect M. aeruginosa strains NIES-298 (12) and FACHB-524 (13) among the tested strains, respectively.
What virus has a broad host range?
Broad host range phages are seen as more useful as well in some applications of bacteriophages. For phage therapy, a broad host range phage that kills multiple species of bacteria would be the equivalent of a broad spectrum antibiotic.