Where does mucinous ovarian cancer spread to?
Around 80% of mucinous carcinomas of the ovary are metastatic, with approximately 80% of primary tumors being stage I. The most frequent primary sites that metastasize to the ovary are: 45% from the gastrointestinal tract, 20% from the pancreas, 18% from the cervix and endometrium, and 8% from the breast [17,18].
What is CDX2 CK20?
The CDX2/CK20 phenotype defines a distinct subgroup of MSI-H CRCs with poor differentiation, CIMP-H status, and unfavorable prognosis.
What is CDX2 Immunostain?
Unlike other colon tumor suppressor genes such as APC and p53[10], which act also outside the gut, CDX2 is the first intestine-specific tumor suppressor[8]. Since CDX2 is a transcription factor, it shows a nuclear immunostaining pattern.
Is mucinous ovarian cancer rare?
Mucinous ovarian cancer is a rare subtype of ovarian cancer. About 2-3% of new ovarian cancers are mucinous (cells are large and filled with fluid), meaning that most of the tumor is made up of cells coated in mucus.
How do you treat mucinous ovarian cancer?
Complete surgical resection is the gold-standard treatment for all mucinous ovarian carcinoma (MOC) cases.
What does CK20 positive mean?
Positive for CK20 means that the CK20 protein was seen inside the cells of interest in the tissue sample. Reactive is another term that pathologists use to describe cells that are producing CK20.
What causes mucinous ovarian cancer?
MOC does not have the same risk factors as other ovarian cancers, such as age, family history and not having children. The only risk factor that has been suggested in some research is smoking, which is seen as increasing the risk of MOC by a small amount.
Which tumors have Cdx2 expression?
Most tumors in each group showed CDX2 expression by a minority of cells, whereas a substantial minority of cases in each group was completely negative and a smaller minority was uniformly positive. Gastrointestinal carcinoids gave similarly varied results, but the majority (58%) was negative. Hepatocellular carcinomas showed no expression of CDX2.
Is CDX2 protein involved in primary and metastatic colon cancer?
While expression of CDX2 protein in primary and metastatic colorectal carcinomas has been previously documen … CDX2 is a recently cloned homeobox gene that encodes an intestine-specific transcription factor, expressed in the nuclei of epithelial cells throughout the intestine, from duodenum to rectum.
Is uniform Cdx2 expression a specific marker of intestinal adenocarcinomas?
In this study of primary and metastatic epithelial tumors, uniform CDX2 expression is demonstrated to be an exquisitely sensitive and highly, but incompletely, specific marker of intestinal adenocarcinomas. Compared with villin, a previously described marker of GI adenocarcinomas, CDX2 demonstrated superior sensitivity and comparable specificity.
What are some examples of carcinomas with high CDX2 levels?
Only very rare examples of carcinomas of the genitourinary and gynecologic tracts, breast, lung, and head and neck showed significant levels of CDX2 expression.