What is transfusion-related acute lung injury?
[1] Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), is a clinical syndrome in which there is acute, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema associated with hypoxia that occurs during or after a transfusion. [2] It is the leading cause of death from transfusion documented by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
What is TRALI caused by?
The etiology of TRALI may be attributable to the presence of anti-HLA and/ or anti-granulocyte antibodies in the plasma of multiparous females or donors who have received previous transfusions. TRALI recipients have no specific demographics such as age, gender, or previous transfusion history.
How can transfusion-related acute lung injury be prevented?
There have been several other suggestions for preventing TRALI, which include:
- Screening of all donors for anti-neutrophil or anti-HLA antibodies.
- Use of pre-storage leukoreduced blood.
- Appropriate utilization of blood products.
How is TRALI diagnosed?
To diagnose TRALI, physical exam, chest x-ray, and arterial blood gas studies are recommended. In distinguishing TRALI from TACO, an echocardiogram may be useful in determining whether the observed pulmonary edema is of cardiogenic origin.
What causes taco?
Transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) is a common transfusion reaction in which pulmonary edema develops primarily due to volume excess or circulatory overload.
What are signs of TRALI?
Signs and symptoms The typical presentation of TRALI is the sudden development of shortness of breath, severe hypoxemia (O2 saturation <90% in room air), low blood pressure, and fever that develop within 6 hours after transfusion and usually resolve with supportive care within 48 to 96 hours.
What are the signs and symptoms of TRALI?
Who is at risk of taco?
renal impairment, hypoalbuminemia (albumin of 2.5 g/dL) and plasma transfusion (received 1400 ml of FFP). The other known risk factors for the TACO are – cardiac impairment, extremes of age and fluid overload.
Which blood product has the highest risk for TRALI?
Despite the very small amount of plasma contained in red blood cells, this component is associated with the largest number of reported cases of TRALI.
Why do we give furosemide after blood transfusion?
For many years, furosemide has been used routinely by physicians during and after blood transfusions in neonates and other age groups. The rationale behind this common practice is to reduce the vascular overload that may be imposed by the additional blood volume delivered during transfusion.
What are the symptoms of TRALI?