Does nitroprusside have cyanide toxicity?
Clinical cyanide poisoning is uncommon at nitroprusside infusion rates of less than 8–10 mcg/kg/min, but a dose of 2 mcg/kg/min has been used as a threshold for possible cyanide toxicity.
How does nitroprusside cause cyanide toxicity?
Acute cyanide toxicity occurs when the cyanide ions bind to tissue cytochrome oxidase and interfere with normal oxygen utilization. This as a result leads to metabolic acidosis, cardiac arrhythmias, and increased venous oxygen content (as a result of the inability to utilize oxygen).
Does sodium nitroprusside have cyanide?
Sodium nitroprusside is a potent, effective, and readily reversible direct vasodilating agent. It is broken down by hemoglobin into cyanide, which is in part detoxified by liver and kidney to thiocyanate.
When giving sodium nitroprusside The nurse must monitor in the patient?
Continuous blood pressure monitoring is required. Sodium nitroprusside metabolism produces dose-related cyanide and may be lethal. Limit infusions at the maximum rate (10 mcg/kg/min) to the shortest duration possible as patient’s ability to buffer cyanide will be exceeded in less than 1 hour at this rate .
How do you treat cyanide toxicity from nitroprusside?
Treatment of cyanide toxicity requires the cessation of nitroprusside and, for severe toxicity, use of the cyanide antidote kit. Cyanide toxicity from nitroprusside may be prevented by concomitant administration of sodium thiosulfate infusions.
Is nitroprusside safe?
Conclusions: Sodium nitroprusside is efficacious in maintaining mean arterial blood pressure control in children following a 12-hour infusion. Although a high proportion of patients were found to have elevated cyanide levels, toxicity was not observed.
What are the requirements for administration of nitroprusside?
The usual dose rate is 0.5-10 mcg/kg/min, but infusion at the maximum dose rate should never last more than 10 minutes. If blood pressure has not been adequately controlled after 10 minutes of infusion at the maximum rate, administration of sodium nitroprusside should be terminated immediately.
What is the positive result for nitroprusside test?
(a) Urinary nitroprusside screening test to detect cystine (magenta red discoloration indicates a positive reaction.
How is sodium nitroprusside used in qualitative analysis?
Sodium nitroprusside is also used as an analytical reagent under the name sodium nitroferricyanide for the detection of methyl ketones, amines, and thiols. It is also used as a catalyst in the quantitative determination of Ammonia in water samples via the Phenate Method.